Everything about Daroca totally explained
Daroca is a city and municipality in the province of
Zaragoza,
Aragon,
Spain, situated to the south of the city of
Zaragoza. It is the center of a judicial district.
It is located in the basin of
Calatayud, in the valley of the
Jiloca River.
History
According to certain writers, the primitive
Celtiberian village in this location was named Darek. The Romans named it Agiria, building a strong castle to defend the Laminium road, which passed through the village and connected Zaragoza with
Valencia.
The Arabs gave it the name Calat-Darawca (862), and possessed it for 400 years, until
Alfonso the Battler conquered it in 1120, and in 1141 issued a primitive legal code, which is unknown today. In the 12th century,
Ramon Berenguer IV gave it the laws and privileges which made it the capital of the Community of Daroca, which had a great social and military influence in the Middle Ages. It had a vote in courts and was the site of several famous assemblies: 1196 (
Pedro II), 1222-1243 (
James I), 1311 (
James II), and 1338 (
Pedro IV), in which peace was arranged with
Castile. In a war against
Pedro of Castile, Daroca resisted a
siege, which led to the awarding of the status of city on
April 26 1366.
City life was ruled by the council, whose principal members were the justice, judge, jurors,
almutazaf, scribes, major-domos, and other minor officials. The terms for municipal offices lasted one year, and they were elected by the council. The justice was appointed by the king from a set of three candidates chosen by the council, and the judge and jurors were chosen by the king directly. All of this occurred on
January 1. Economically, agriculture and livestock were the principal occupations of the inhabitants. There were three social groups, Christians, Jews, and Muslims, which enjoyed the same laws and privileges, although they were organized separately.
The city served as a frequent stop for journeys to places in the area, and was visited by the
Catholic Monarchs,
Charles I,
Philip II, and
Philip III, on his route from
Madrid to Zaragoza and
Catalonia.
Philip V also was in Daroca and so was his rival to the throne,
Charles II. After the death of Charles II, Daroca embraced the cause of the Austrian pretender to the throne,
Charles III, instead of the French-backed candidate
Philip, duke of Anjou, which led to the occupation and sacking of the city in the
War of Spanish Succession.
This ended almost six centuries of municipal autonomy: the office of the justice disappeared, and was substituted for a royal magistrate; the council was reorganized to remove the jurors and add eight regents, a secretary, and two joint deputies. During the
Peninsular War,
Napoleon's troops entered Daroca in June 1808, destroying a good part of the Dominican convent, and returned periodically to control the city and attack the resistance; later the French left a permanent garrison. Daroca was liberated in August 1813. France had taken
Ferdinand VI of Spain prisoner, and when he returned in 1814, he stayed in Daroca, and communicated a new constitution.
During the
Carlist wars of the nineteenth century, it was occupied by the Carlist forces in 1834, 1837, and 1872, but all of these were sporadic because Daroca remained loyal to the monarchy of
Isabel II. The occupations were due to the geographical proximity of the Carlist redoubt of
Maestrazgo.
From the middle of the nineteenth century, the economic situation improved due to successful agriculture, which spurred the development of commerce and small industry. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the
Teruel-Calatayud railway was built, which strengthened the commercial position of Daroca. In these years, embankments were built in the Jiloca gorge and there was reforestation in an attempt to avoid the disasters caused by periodic flooding. Afterwards the city began to decline, although it kept its position thanks to the industrialization and the mechanization of the field. However, it wasn't able to adapt to the new times and the markets began to disappear. Today there's an attempt to revitalize commerce and potentially
tourism, but agriculture is suffering a difficult reversal, because there are no young people in the area to carry on the traditional
viticulture and
horticulture, and the fields are filling with forest plants.
Population history
| Population decline in the municipality from 1991 to 2004 |
| 1991 |
1996 |
2001 |
2004 |
| 2351 |
2335 |
2212 |
2155 |
Places of interest
- More than 4 km of medieval walls
- Gates: Puerta Baja, Puerta Alta, Portal de Valencia and Arrabal
- Church of San Miguel.
- Church of San Juan.
- Church of Santo Domingo.
- Basilica of Santa María de los Sagrados Corporales, associated with a Eucharistic miracle dated to 1340 (ex-collegiate church)
- Fountain of the twenty pipes
Events
Festival of Antique Music (August).Further Information
Get more info on 'Daroca'.
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